Research: Evolutionary Perspectives on Intergenerational Sexuality - Revision history

Thorn at 18:00, 28 August 2026

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	Although [[Debate_Guide:_Evolutionary_logic\|evolutionary logic]] of [[Hebephilia\|hebephilic]] sexual behaviour and attraction towards pubertal [[Adolescence\|adolescents]] of the opposite sex may seem obvious, it is not always straightforward to explain, given that in our evolutionary past female reproductive capacity may have emerged at ages close to the modern ~~age~~ of consent. The explanation of intergenerational attractions toward prepubertal children ([[pedophilia]]/pedosexuality), or adolescent homosexual partners ([[~~Pederasty~~]]), or the very existence of prepubertal [[child]] sexuality, is even less obvious.		Although [[Debate_Guide:_Evolutionary_logic\|evolutionary logic]] of [[Hebephilia\|hebephilic]] sexual behaviour and attraction towards pubertal [[Adolescence\|adolescents]] of the opposite sex may seem obvious, it is not always straightforward to explain, given that in our evolutionary past female reproductive capacity may have emerged at ages close to the modern ages of consent (see [[Research:_Evolutionary_Perspectives_on_Intergenerational_Sexuality#The_increased_disadvantage_of_early_pregnancy\|this section]]). The explanation of intergenerational attractions toward prepubertal children ([[pedophilia]]/pedosexuality), or adolescent homosexual partners ([[pederasty]]), or the very existence of prepubertal [[child]] sexuality, is even less obvious.

	The emergence of adult-child sexuality has several [[Wikipedia:Darwinism\|evolutionary explanations]] with varying degrees of evidence, which come from [[Wikipedia:Ethology\|ethology]] and [[Wikipedia:Neuroscience\|neuroscience]]. There are suggestions that, in our evolutionary past, pedosexual behaviors could have had some evolutionary functions or been an evolutionary by-product of human sexuality development. These explanations may have pragmatic implications for the [[Research: A "cure" for pedophilia?#Psychological wellbeing for MAPs\|well-being]] of both MAPs and minors. "Evolutionary scenarios are not just interesting explanatory “stories,” but can illuminate limits as well as opportunities for intervention" (Del Giudice M., 2014). Here is an attempt to categorize these hypotheses, although they overlap greatly and can hardly be considered separately. Rather, they describe different aspects of a complex evolutionary process.		The emergence of adult-child sexuality has several [[Wikipedia:Darwinism\|evolutionary explanations]] with varying degrees of evidence, which come from [[Wikipedia:Ethology\|ethology]] and [[Wikipedia:Neuroscience\|neuroscience]]. There are suggestions that, in our evolutionary past, pedosexual behaviors could have had some evolutionary functions or been an evolutionary by-product of human sexuality development. These explanations may have pragmatic implications for the [[Research: A "cure" for pedophilia?#Psychological wellbeing for MAPs\|well-being]] of both MAPs and minors. "Evolutionary scenarios are not just interesting explanatory “stories,” but can illuminate limits as well as opportunities for intervention" (Del Giudice M., 2014). Here is an attempt to categorize these hypotheses, although they overlap greatly and can hardly be considered separately. Rather, they describe different aspects of a complex evolutionary process.

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	Although [[Debate_Guide:_Evolutionary_logic\|evolutionary logic]] of [[Hebephilia\|hebephilic]] sexual behaviour and attraction towards pubertal [[Adolescence\|adolescents]] of the opposite sex may seem obvious, it is not always straightforward to explain, given that in our evolutionary past female reproductive capacity may have emerged at ages close to the modern age of consent. The explanation of intergenerational attractions toward prepubertal children ([[pedophilia]]/pedosexuality), or adolescent homosexual partners ([[Pederasty~~\|pederastic~~]] ~~inclination~~), or the very existence of prepubertal [[child]] sexuality, is even less obvious.		Although [[Debate_Guide:_Evolutionary_logic\|evolutionary logic]] of [[Hebephilia\|hebephilic]] sexual behaviour and attraction towards pubertal [[Adolescence\|adolescents]] of the opposite sex may seem obvious, it is not always straightforward to explain, given that in our evolutionary past female reproductive capacity may have emerged at ages close to the modern age of consent. The explanation of intergenerational attractions toward prepubertal children ([[pedophilia]]/pedosexuality), or adolescent homosexual partners ([[Pederasty]]), or the very existence of prepubertal [[child]] sexuality, is even less obvious.

	The emergence of adult-child sexuality has several [[Wikipedia:Darwinism\|evolutionary explanations]] with varying degrees of evidence, which come from [[Wikipedia:Ethology\|ethology]] and [[Wikipedia:Neuroscience\|neuroscience]]. There are suggestions that, in our evolutionary past, pedosexual behaviors could have had some evolutionary functions or been an evolutionary by-product of human sexuality development. These explanations may have pragmatic implications for the [[Research: A "cure" for pedophilia?#Psychological wellbeing for MAPs\|well-being]] of both MAPs and minors. "Evolutionary scenarios are not just interesting explanatory “stories,” but can illuminate limits as well as opportunities for intervention" (Del Giudice M., 2014). Here is an attempt to categorize these hypotheses, although they overlap greatly and can hardly be considered separately. Rather, they describe different aspects of a complex evolutionary process.		The emergence of adult-child sexuality has several [[Wikipedia:Darwinism\|evolutionary explanations]] with varying degrees of evidence, which come from [[Wikipedia:Ethology\|ethology]] and [[Wikipedia:Neuroscience\|neuroscience]]. There are suggestions that, in our evolutionary past, pedosexual behaviors could have had some evolutionary functions or been an evolutionary by-product of human sexuality development. These explanations may have pragmatic implications for the [[Research: A "cure" for pedophilia?#Psychological wellbeing for MAPs\|well-being]] of both MAPs and minors. "Evolutionary scenarios are not just interesting explanatory “stories,” but can illuminate limits as well as opportunities for intervention" (Del Giudice M., 2014). Here is an attempt to categorize these hypotheses, although they overlap greatly and can hardly be considered separately. Rather, they describe different aspects of a complex evolutionary process.
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	An additional ecological factor may be population density. [https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000086 Sng et al. (2017)] found that it was associated with greater future orientation, investment in education and children, later marriage, and lower fertility. Experimentally increasing the salience of high population density also shifted decisions toward these strategies.		An additional ecological factor may be population density. [https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000086 Sng et al. (2017)] found that it was associated with greater future orientation, investment in education and children, later marriage, and lower fertility. Experimentally increasing the salience of high population density also shifted decisions toward these strategies.

	But a central constraint on the viability of early motherhood is the availability of alloparental support. Human child-rearing has historically been cooperative. In almost all populations, the presence of kin helpers was associated with greater child survival, earlier onset of reproduction, and greater reproductive intensity. Thus, in many traditional populations reproduction can easily begin before full economic and social independence. The modern decline in access to alloparenting greatly increases the costs of early pregnancy. ([https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.10.001 Sear & Mace (2008)]; [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00379.x Sear & Coall (2011)]; [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-010-9098-9 Kaptijn et al. (2010)]; [https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460903563434 Kramer & Lancaster (2010)]).		But a central constraint on the viability of early motherhood is the availability of alloparental support. Human child-rearing has historically been cooperative. In almost all populations, the presence of kin helpers was associated with greater child survival, earlier onset of reproduction, and greater reproductive intensity. Thus, in many traditional populations reproduction can easily begin before full economic and social independence. The modern decline in access to alloparenting greatly increases the costs of early pregnancy. ([https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.10.001 Sear & Mace (2008)]; [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00379.x Sear & Coall (2011)]; [https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-010-9098-9 Kaptijn et al. (2010)]; [https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460903563434 Kramer & Lancaster (2010)]).

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	~~While the~~ [[Debate_Guide:_Evolutionary_logic\|evolutionary logic]] of ~~intergenerational sexual behaviour and~~ [[Hebephilia\|hebephilic]] attraction towards pubertal [[Adolescence\|adolescents]] of the opposite sex is ~~easily explained by fertility potential of such behaviour ([[Research: Pedophilia as a sexual/erotic orientation\|see mentions of hebephilia)]]~~, the explanation of intergenerational attractions toward prepubertal children ([[pedophilia]]/pedosexuality), or adolescent homosexual partners ([[Pederasty\|pederastic]] inclination), or the very existence of prepubertal [[child]] sexuality, is less obvious.		Although [[Debate_Guide:_Evolutionary_logic\|evolutionary logic]] of [[Hebephilia\|hebephilic]] sexual behaviour and attraction towards pubertal [[Adolescence\|adolescents]] of the opposite sex may seem obvious, it is not always straightforward to explain, given that in our evolutionary past female reproductive capacity may have emerged at ages close to the modern age of consent. The explanation of intergenerational attractions toward prepubertal children ([[pedophilia]]/pedosexuality), or adolescent homosexual partners ([[Pederasty\|pederastic]] inclination), or the very existence of prepubertal [[child]] sexuality, is even less obvious.

	The emergence of ~~such~~ sexuality has several [[Wikipedia:Darwinism\|evolutionary explanations]] with varying degrees of evidence, which come from [[Wikipedia:Ethology\|ethology]] and [[Wikipedia:Neuroscience\|neuroscience]]. There are suggestions that, in our evolutionary past, pedosexual behaviors could have had some evolutionary functions or been an evolutionary by-product of human sexuality development. These explanations may have pragmatic implications for the [[Research: A "cure" for pedophilia?#Psychological wellbeing for MAPs\|well-being]] of both MAPs and minors. "Evolutionary scenarios are not just interesting explanatory “stories,” but can illuminate limits as well as opportunities for intervention" (Del Giudice M., 2014). Here is an attempt to categorize these hypotheses, although they overlap greatly and can hardly be considered separately. Rather, they describe different aspects of a complex evolutionary process.		The emergence of adult-child sexuality has several [[Wikipedia:Darwinism\|evolutionary explanations]] with varying degrees of evidence, which come from [[Wikipedia:Ethology\|ethology]] and [[Wikipedia:Neuroscience\|neuroscience]]. There are suggestions that, in our evolutionary past, pedosexual behaviors could have had some evolutionary functions or been an evolutionary by-product of human sexuality development. These explanations may have pragmatic implications for the [[Research: A "cure" for pedophilia?#Psychological wellbeing for MAPs\|well-being]] of both MAPs and minors. "Evolutionary scenarios are not just interesting explanatory “stories,” but can illuminate limits as well as opportunities for intervention" (Del Giudice M., 2014). Here is an attempt to categorize these hypotheses, although they overlap greatly and can hardly be considered separately. Rather, they describe different aspects of a complex evolutionary process.

	== Adaptation to the lack of success in sexual competition ==		== Adaptation to the lack of success in sexual competition ==

Thorn: /* Natural factors contributing to the development of intergenerational sexuality into an evolutionary mismatch */

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Natural factors contributing to the development of intergenerational sexuality into an evolutionary mismatch

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	::"In humans’ closest relatives, bonobos and chimps, juvenile males frequently and preferentially solicit adult females and attempt to copulate with them. In most cases, they show sexual arousal with erections. Adult females are usually tolerant and even cooperative, but when they are not, the juvenile males frequently protest with whimpering or tantrums (Bagemihl, 1999; Hashimoto, 1997; Kano, 1980; Kollar, Beckwith, & Edgerton, 1968). Similar patterns have been observed in many other primate species (Bagemihl, 1999). Anderson and Bielert (1990) noted that “Among nonhuman primates . . . sexual interaction between adult females and immature males is universal” (p. 192). It may be that primate patterns do not extend to humans, but the similarity of the observed human and primate patterns in juvenile male-adult female sex suggests a phylogenetic continuum (cf. Ford & Beach, 1951)."		::"In humans’ closest relatives, bonobos and chimps, juvenile males frequently and preferentially solicit adult females and attempt to copulate with them. In most cases, they show sexual arousal with erections. Adult females are usually tolerant and even cooperative, but when they are not, the juvenile males frequently protest with whimpering or tantrums (Bagemihl, 1999; Hashimoto, 1997; Kano, 1980; Kollar, Beckwith, & Edgerton, 1968). Similar patterns have been observed in many other primate species (Bagemihl, 1999). Anderson and Bielert (1990) noted that “Among nonhuman primates . . . sexual interaction between adult females and immature males is universal” (p. 192). It may be that primate patterns do not extend to humans, but the similarity of the observed human and primate patterns in juvenile male-adult female sex suggests a phylogenetic continuum (cf. Ford & Beach, 1951)."

	== ~~Natural factors contributing to the development~~ of intergenerational sexuality into an evolutionary mismatch ==		== Development of intergenerational sexuality into an evolutionary mismatch ==
	Intergenerational sexuality is discussed as an evolutionary mismatch between our evolved mechanisms and modern moral norms. More often, we encounter moral, political, and ideological justifications for restricting of intergenerational sexual activity, but there are also natural evolutionary, economic, and ecological factors that may contribute to this. What follows is a synthesis of several independent lines of evidence: evolutionary demography, human-capital theory, cultural evolution, and the costs of early sex and early parenthood. This is worth taking into account for a better understanding of the background of the current ideological landscape.		Intergenerational sexuality is discussed as an evolutionary mismatch between our evolved mechanisms and modern moral norms. More often, we encounter moral, political, and ideological justifications for restricting of intergenerational sexual activity, but there are also natural evolutionary, economic, and ecological factors that may contribute to this. What follows is a synthesis of several independent lines of evidence: evolutionary demography, human-capital theory, cultural evolution, and the costs of early sex and early parenthood. This is worth taking into account for a better understanding of the background of the current ideological landscape.

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Other relevant information

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Thorn: /* Complementary behavior among minors */

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Complementary behavior among minors

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	*:“it is undeniable that many children in our society – especially those in boarding schools and childrens’ homes – suffer from ‘parent hunger’. They are what Mia Kellmer-Pringle has called ‘touch-hungry children’. It is possible that the care-eliciting ‘phylism’ in these children may become eroticized just as the care-giving phylism may be eroticized in adult paedophiles. Thus, children starved of parental affection may compete for the love and attention of adults in their environment by using erotic solicitation as a strategy for survival. To suggest this possibility is not to excuse adults who exploit the emotional needs of children for their personal gratification but to provide an evolutionary explanation as to how and why erotic bonds between adults and juveniles may occur. We would propose that both care-eliciting and care-giving phylisms can be eroticized.”		*:“it is undeniable that many children in our society – especially those in boarding schools and childrens’ homes – suffer from ‘parent hunger’. They are what Mia Kellmer-Pringle has called ‘touch-hungry children’. It is possible that the care-eliciting ‘phylism’ in these children may become eroticized just as the care-giving phylism may be eroticized in adult paedophiles. Thus, children starved of parental affection may compete for the love and attention of adults in their environment by using erotic solicitation as a strategy for survival. To suggest this possibility is not to excuse adults who exploit the emotional needs of children for their personal gratification but to provide an evolutionary explanation as to how and why erotic bonds between adults and juveniles may occur. We would propose that both care-eliciting and care-giving phylisms can be eroticized.”

	[[Bruce Rind]] gathered evidence of widespread minors' positive reactions, even in our restrictive culture, in his research. (Also, some relevant excerpts are in [[Research: Prevalence of Harm and Negative Outcomes#Simple or informed consent as predictive of positive reactions?\|this section]].		[[Bruce Rind]] gathered evidence of widespread minors' positive reactions, even in our restrictive culture, in his research. (Also, some relevant excerpts are in [[Research: Prevalence of Harm and Negative Outcomes#Simple or informed consent as predictive of positive reactions?\|this section]]).

	Here is some evidence from [[Research: Nonwestern Intergenerational Relationships\|Nonwestern cultures]]:		Here is some evidence from [[Research: Nonwestern Intergenerational Relationships\|Nonwestern cultures]]:

Thorn at 19:10, 30 July 2026

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	*:“[A]ffiliative erotic love, as Eibl-Eibesfeldt points out, itself evolved in birds and mammals together with the development of parental care-giving behaviour. ‘Since human adult/adult romantic love is derived by phylogeny from parent care-giving behaviour,’ asserts EiblEibesfeldt, ‘it is easily seen how, in some adult humans, the feeling of love toward children has been retained and eroticised, which is the true meaning of the term “pedophilia”.“.		*:“[A]ffiliative erotic love, as Eibl-Eibesfeldt points out, itself evolved in birds and mammals together with the development of parental care-giving behaviour. ‘Since human adult/adult romantic love is derived by phylogeny from parent care-giving behaviour,’ asserts EiblEibesfeldt, ‘it is easily seen how, in some adult humans, the feeling of love toward children has been retained and eroticised, which is the true meaning of the term “pedophilia”.“.

			Cross-species research indicate that the sexuality-attachment fusion in intergenerational relationships is widespread in nature and not restricted to humans:
			*'''Rind, B. (2013). [https://greek-love.com/media/PDFs/Rind.Pederasty.an.Integration.pdf Pederasty: An Integration of Empirical, Historical, Sociological, Cross-Cultural, Cross-Species, and Evolutionary Evidence and Perspectives.] In: Thomas K Hubbard, Beert Verstraete (Eds.), [[Censoring Sex Research\|Censoring Sex Research: The Debate over Male Intergenerational Relations]]. (pp. 1-90) New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315432458'''
			::"Intense sexually based friendships or consort relationships between older and younger animals have been documented in various species, including gorillas, orangutans, macaques (crab-eating, Japanese, rhesus, stumptail), Hamadryas baboons, and squirrel monkeys. Takenoshita (1998) observed consort relationships between adult and juvenile male Japanese macaques, where these pairs, in addition to engaging in homosexual interactions, foraged together, groomed one another, and attacked other monkeys together. Chevalier-Skolnikoff (1976) described intensely affectionate relationships between mature and immature stumptail male macaques, in which both older and younger partners responded with sexual excitement to the sexual interactions. Zuckerman (1932) observed a three-year sexual relationship between an adult and an immature male Hamadryas baboon. Redican, Gomber, and Mitchell (1974) observed an intense attachment between an adult male rhesus macaque and a much younger male, in which the latter took strong initiative in establishing the relationship and sexual interaction. Hamilton (1914), also studying rhesus macaques, reported that he “found that friendships between immature males and mature males are of frequent occurrence, and that they seem to have a sexual basis” (p. 308). In one illustrative case, Hamilton reported, when a separated mature-immature pair was allowed to reunite, the two rushed into an embrace, smacking their lips. Both animals showed marked sexual excitement, and the older mounted the younger, who rotated his head to achieve lip contact with the older partner."

	=== Neurological, endocrinological and psychological evidence ===		=== Neurological, endocrinological and psychological evidence ===
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	== Complementary behavior among minors ==		== Complementary behavior among minors ==
	The hypothesis of pedophilic/pederastic attraction as a promoter of affection, care, and reproductive benefits in general on the side of youth is confirmed by the very existence of complementary behavior of minors, who [[Testimony: CSA (Children's Sexual Advances)\|often show initiative and willingness for sexual relations with adults]]<ref>[https://ia802202.us.archive.org/16/items/rind-2022-reactions-to-minor-older-and-minor-peer-sex-in-finnish-survey/Rind%202022%20-%20Reactions%20to%20Minor-Older%20and%20Minor-Peer%20Sex%20in%20Finnish%20survey.pdf Rind, B. Reactions to Minor-Older and Minor-Peer Sex as a Function of Personal and Situational Variables in a Finnish Nationally Representative Student Sample. Arch Sex Behav 51, 961–985 (2022).], see also [https://www.newgon.net/wiki/images/Rindbasics.pdf Yesmap Primer] and [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02224-0 DOI.org].</ref>. It’s assumed that such a behavior could function to receive affection and extra resources not available from the child's default caregiver, or as a way to indirect reproductive value (for example, through group survival by successful [[Research: Evolutionary Perspectives on Intergenerational Sexuality#Mentorship-Bonding/Enculturation-Alliance Hypothesis\|bonding to mentors]] during male warfare recruiting). This testifies to the evolutionarily beneficial and reciprocal essence of intergenerational attraction (Klapilová & Bártová, 2017; Stevens & Price, 2016; Rind, 2013 <ref name=":4"> [https://greek-love.com/media/PDFs/Rind.Pederasty.an.Integration.pdf Rind, B. (2013). Pederasty: An Integration of Empirical, Historical, Sociological, Cross-Cultural, Cross-Species, and Evolutionary Evidence and Perspectives.] In: Thomas K Hubbard, Beert Verstraete (Eds.), [[Censoring Sex Research\|Censoring Sex Research: The Debate over Male Intergenerational Relations]]. (pp. 1-90) ''New York: Routledge.'' doi:10.4324/9781315432458</ref>).		The hypothesis of pedophilic/pederastic attraction as a promoter of affection, care, and reproductive benefits in general on the side of youth is confirmed by the very existence of complementary behavior of minors, who [[Testimony: CSA (Children's Sexual Advances)\|often show initiative and willingness for sexual relations with adults]]<ref>[https://ia802202.us.archive.org/16/items/rind-2022-reactions-to-minor-older-and-minor-peer-sex-in-finnish-survey/Rind%202022%20-%20Reactions%20to%20Minor-Older%20and%20Minor-Peer%20Sex%20in%20Finnish%20survey.pdf Rind, B. Reactions to Minor-Older and Minor-Peer Sex as a Function of Personal and Situational Variables in a Finnish Nationally Representative Student Sample. Arch Sex Behav 51, 961–985 (2022).], see also [https://www.newgon.net/wiki/images/Rindbasics.pdf Yesmap Primer] and [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02224-0 DOI.org].</ref>. It’s assumed that such a behavior could function to receive affection and extra resources not available from the child's default caregiver, or as a way to indirect reproductive value (for example, through group survival by successful [[Research: Evolutionary Perspectives on Intergenerational Sexuality#Mentorship-Bonding/Enculturation-Alliance Hypothesis\|bonding to mentors]] during male warfare recruiting), or just as an attempt to develop sexual skills. This testifies to the evolutionarily beneficial and reciprocal essence of intergenerational attraction (Klapilová & Bártová, 2017; Stevens & Price, 2016; Rind, 2013 <ref name=":4"> [https://greek-love.com/media/PDFs/Rind.Pederasty.an.Integration.pdf Rind, B. (2013). Pederasty: An Integration of Empirical, Historical, Sociological, Cross-Cultural, Cross-Species, and Evolutionary Evidence and Perspectives.] In: Thomas K Hubbard, Beert Verstraete (Eds.), [[Censoring Sex Research\|Censoring Sex Research: The Debate over Male Intergenerational Relations]]. (pp. 1-90) ''New York: Routledge.'' doi:10.4324/9781315432458</ref>).

	* '''Klapilová, K., Bártová, K. (2017). [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3382-1 Sexual Pathology.] In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_1717 Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science.] (pp. 7439 - 7445). Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3382-1'''		* '''Klapilová, K., Bártová, K. (2017). [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3382-1 Sexual Pathology.] In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_1717 Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science.] (pp. 7439 - 7445). Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3382-1'''
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	* '''Stevens, A., & Price, J. (2016). [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315740577 Evolutionary Psychiatry: A new beginning] (Classic Ed.) (pp. 206-218) Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. doi:10.4324/9781315740577'''		* '''Stevens, A., & Price, J. (2016). [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315740577 Evolutionary Psychiatry: A new beginning] (Classic Ed.) (pp. 206-218) Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. doi:10.4324/9781315740577'''
	*:“it is undeniable that many children in our society – especially those in boarding schools and childrens’ homes – suffer from ‘parent hunger’. They are what Mia Kellmer-Pringle has called ‘touch-hungry children’. It is possible that the care-eliciting ‘phylism’ in these children may become eroticized just as the care-giving phylism may be eroticized in adult paedophiles. Thus, children starved of parental affection may compete for the love and attention of adults in their environment by using erotic solicitation as a strategy for survival. To suggest this possibility is not to excuse adults who exploit the emotional needs of children for their personal gratification but to provide an evolutionary explanation as to how and why erotic bonds between adults and juveniles may occur. We would propose that both care-eliciting and care-giving phylisms can be eroticized.”		*:“it is undeniable that many children in our society – especially those in boarding schools and childrens’ homes – suffer from ‘parent hunger’. They are what Mia Kellmer-Pringle has called ‘touch-hungry children’. It is possible that the care-eliciting ‘phylism’ in these children may become eroticized just as the care-giving phylism may be eroticized in adult paedophiles. Thus, children starved of parental affection may compete for the love and attention of adults in their environment by using erotic solicitation as a strategy for survival. To suggest this possibility is not to excuse adults who exploit the emotional needs of children for their personal gratification but to provide an evolutionary explanation as to how and why erotic bonds between adults and juveniles may occur. We would propose that both care-eliciting and care-giving phylisms can be eroticized.”

			[[Bruce Rind]] gathered evidence of widespread minors' positive reactions, even in our restrictive culture, in his research. (Also, some relevant excerpts are in [[Research: Prevalence of Harm and Negative Outcomes#Simple or informed consent as predictive of positive reactions?\|this section]].

			Here is some evidence from [[Research: Nonwestern Intergenerational Relationships\|Nonwestern cultures]]:
			*'''Rind, B. (2013). [https://greek-love.com/media/PDFs/Rind.Pederasty.an.Integration.pdf Pederasty: An Integration of Empirical, Historical, Sociological, Cross-Cultural, Cross-Species, and Evolutionary Evidence and Perspectives.] In: Thomas K Hubbard, Beert Verstraete (Eds.), [[Censoring Sex Research\|Censoring Sex Research: The Debate over Male Intergenerational Relations]]. (pp. 1-90) New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315432458'''
			::"Anthropological studies on preindustrial societies with culturally institutionalized or widespread pederasty provide reports on how the younger males responded to sexual contacts with older males (see Table III ). Among the Javanese, men remembered their boyhood pederastic experiences entirely positively, despite the researcher’s probing to uncover negative cases (Williams, 2011). Sambian boys showed much initiative in these contacts, especially at older ages (Herdt, 1991, 1997). Keraki men believed that they could not have developed properly without these relations as boys (Williams, 1936). Kaluli men looked back on the complex of grueling hunting, living in a sex-segregated men’s lodge, ritual discipline, unity of purpose, vigorous manly ethos, and growth-stimulating insemination by older males as the highlight of their lives (Schieffelin, 1982). East Bay boys discussed their sexual experiences with men freely and without shame in the presence of their parents and friends (Davenport, 1965). Gebusi boys aged 11 to 14 initiated sexual relations with older males based on personal affection rather than obligation (Herdt, 1991). The bond between Marind-Anim boys and their adult male partners was extremely strong, which was apparently facilitated by the sexual interactions (Van Baal, 1966). Likewise, pederastic relations were extremely close among the Big Nambas (Layard, 1942). Among the Kiman, pederastic behavior would stop after adolescence, but “nevertheless, a lifelong emotional relationship often” resulted (Serpenti, 1984, p. 305). In various southern Mexican Indian tribes, adolescent boys were proud to have been chosen for pederastic relationships, seeing it as an honor to be their men’s lovers (Ross, 1991). And being a Tsongan boy-wife was not just good for security, but for the “fun” it afforded (Murray & Roscoe, 1998)."

			And from [[Research: Intergenerational Sexual Behaviors in Animals\|cross-species]] studies:
			*'''Rind, B. (2013). [https://greek-love.com/media/PDFs/Rind.Pederasty.an.Integration.pdf Pederasty: An Integration of Empirical, Historical, Sociological, Cross-Cultural, Cross-Species, and Evolutionary Evidence and Perspectives.] In: Thomas K Hubbard, Beert Verstraete (Eds.), [[Censoring Sex Research\|Censoring Sex Research: The Debate over Male Intergenerational Relations]]. (pp. 1-90) New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315432458'''
			::"In many species, the younger animals involved in age-discrepant homosex were frequently observed not simply assenting to the sexual interactions but actually initiating them (e.g., bonobos, chimps, gorillas, gibbons, Hanuman and Nilgiri langurs, crab-eating macaques, rhesus macaques, Tibetan macaques, patas monkeys). Specific examples include juvenile Tibetan macaques jumping up to the faces of adult males to be fellated (Ogawa, 1995), an adolescent gibbon repeatedly soliciting sex from his father (Edwards & Todd, 1991), and juvenile rhesus macaques fiercely competing to be the one mounted by an adult male (Kempf, 1917). In a number of species, the researchers noted the sexual excitement exhibited by the immature partners in age-discrepant homosex (e.g., rhesus, stumptail, and Tibetan macaques). In several species, sometimes immature males were assenting and sometimes not (e.g., siamangs, proboscis monkeys, crab-eating macaques, and squirrel monkeys)."

			::"In humans’ closest relatives, bonobos and chimps, juvenile males frequently and preferentially solicit adult females and attempt to copulate with them. In most cases, they show sexual arousal with erections. Adult females are usually tolerant and even cooperative, but when they are not, the juvenile males frequently protest with whimpering or tantrums (Bagemihl, 1999; Hashimoto, 1997; Kano, 1980; Kollar, Beckwith, & Edgerton, 1968). Similar patterns have been observed in many other primate species (Bagemihl, 1999). Anderson and Bielert (1990) noted that “Among nonhuman primates . . . sexual interaction between adult females and immature males is universal” (p. 192). It may be that primate patterns do not extend to humans, but the similarity of the observed human and primate patterns in juvenile male-adult female sex suggests a phylogenetic continuum (cf. Ford & Beach, 1951)."

	== Other relevant information ==		== Other relevant information ==

Thorn at 10:43, 27 July 2026

2026-07-27T10:43:20Z

@@ Line 149: / Line 149: @@
 *:“[A]ffiliative erotic love, as Eibl-Eibesfeldt points out, itself evolved in birds and mammals together with the development of parental care-giving behaviour. ‘Since human adult/adult romantic love is derived by phylogeny from parent care-giving behaviour,’ asserts EiblEibesfeldt, ‘it is easily seen how, in some adult humans, the feeling of love toward children has been retained and eroticised, which is the true meaning of the term “pedophilia”.“.
 === Neurological, endocrinological and psychological evidence ===
@@ Line 252: / Line 244: @@
 *:"By determining children’s initial place in social networks and hierarchies, competition in middle childhood indirectly affects their ability to attract sexual and romantic partners later. In other words, middle childhood is a likely target for sexual selection — that is, natural selection arising from the processes of choosing mates (mate choice) and competing for mates (mating competition). My colleagues and I (Del Giudice et al., 2009) argued that sexual selection is one reason why sex differences emerge and intensify in middle childhood."
 == Other relevant information ==

Thorn: /* Mentorship-Bonding/Enculturation-Alliance Hypothesis */

2026-07-27T10:12:56Z

Mentorship-Bonding/Enculturation-Alliance Hypothesis

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:12, 27 July 2026
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	The evolutionary benefit of such a mechanism is assumed both at the individual level (for the junior this is training, protection, and promotion in the male hierarchy, for the adult this is the expansion of the network of alliances) and at the group level (the clan received a reliable replenishment of group members, well-prepared, enculturated and committed to the culture of the group, which gave a competitive advantage).<ref name=":4" />		The evolutionary benefit of such a mechanism is assumed both at the individual level (for the junior this is training, protection, and promotion in the male hierarchy, for the adult this is the expansion of the network of alliances) and at the group level (the clan received a reliable replenishment of group members, well-prepared, enculturated and committed to the culture of the group, which gave a competitive advantage).<ref name=":4" />

	This hypothesis is supported by [[Research: Nonwestern Intergenerational Relationships\|cross-cultural studies]], where a variety of independent cultures demonstrate the prevalence of institutionalized sexual relations between men and boys of peripubertal age. In many instances boys begin ~~ritualized homosexual~~ practices with older boys and men long before the beginning of puberty (e.g. at age of 7~~, see [[Research:_Nonwestern_Intergenerational_Relationships#Melanesia\|Melanesia]]~~), so this ~~often~~ can't be called [[Pederasty\|pederasty]] in the narrow sense, rather [[Pedophilia\|pedophilia]].		This hypothesis is supported by [[Research: Nonwestern Intergenerational Relationships\|cross-cultural]] and [[Research: Intergenerational Relationships in History\|historical studies]], where a variety of independent cultures demonstrate the prevalence of institutionalized sexual relations between men and boys of peripubertal age. In many instances boys begin sexual practices with older boys and men long before the beginning of puberty (e.g. at age of 7), so in such cases this can't be called [[Pederasty\|pederasty]] in the narrow sense, rather [[Pedophilia\|pedophilia]].

	These relationships are built into these cultures and are part of growing up and becoming a man. The readiness, desire and initiative for sexual contact comes not only from adult men, but also from boys, and this is recorded as a typical phenomenon in these cultures (see Table III in Rind, 2013 <ref name=":4" />). This also confirms the existence of an evolutionary benefit for younger participants.<ref name=":4" />		These relationships are built into these cultures and are part of growing up and becoming a man. The readiness, desire and initiative for sexual contact comes not only from adult men, but also from boys, and this is recorded as a typical phenomenon in these cultures (see Table III in Rind, 2013 <ref name=":4" />). This also confirms the existence of an evolutionary benefit for younger participants.<ref name=":4" />

Thorn: /* Complementary behavior among minors */

2026-07-27T09:47:30Z

Complementary behavior among minors

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:47, 27 July 2026
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	=== Complementary behavior among minors ===		=== Complementary behavior among minors ===
	The hypothesis of pedophilic attraction as a promoter of affection and care is confirmed by the existence of complementary behavior of minors, who [[Testimony: CSA (Children's Sexual Advances)\|often show initiative and willingness for sexual relations with adults]]<ref>[https://ia802202.us.archive.org/16/items/rind-2022-reactions-to-minor-older-and-minor-peer-sex-in-finnish-survey/Rind%202022%20-%20Reactions%20to%20Minor-Older%20and%20Minor-Peer%20Sex%20in%20Finnish%20survey.pdf Rind, B. Reactions to Minor-Older and Minor-Peer Sex as a Function of Personal and Situational Variables in a Finnish Nationally Representative Student Sample. Arch Sex Behav 51, 961–985 (2022).], see also [https://www.newgon.net/wiki/images/Rindbasics.pdf Yesmap Primer] and [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02224-0 DOI.org].</ref>. It’s assumed that such a behavior could function to receive affection and extra resources not available from the child's default caregiver. This testifies to the evolutionarily beneficial and reciprocal essence of intergenerational attraction (Klapilová & Bártová, 2017; Stevens & Price, 2016; Rind, 2013 <ref name=":4"> [https://greek-love.com/media/PDFs/Rind.Pederasty.an.Integration.pdf Rind, B. (2013). Pederasty: An Integration of Empirical, Historical, Sociological, Cross-Cultural, Cross-Species, and Evolutionary Evidence and Perspectives.] In: Thomas K Hubbard, Beert Verstraete (Eds.), [~~https://libgen.is/search.php?req=censoring+sex+research&lg_topic=libgen&open=0&view=simple&res=25&phrase=1&column=def~~ Censoring Sex Research: The Debate over Male Intergenerational Relations]. (pp. 1-90) New York: Routledge. ~~https~~:~~//doi.org/~~10.4324/9781315432458</ref>).		The hypothesis of pedophilic attraction as a promoter of affection and care is confirmed by the existence of complementary behavior of minors, who [[Testimony: CSA (Children's Sexual Advances)\|often show initiative and willingness for sexual relations with adults]]<ref>[https://ia802202.us.archive.org/16/items/rind-2022-reactions-to-minor-older-and-minor-peer-sex-in-finnish-survey/Rind%202022%20-%20Reactions%20to%20Minor-Older%20and%20Minor-Peer%20Sex%20in%20Finnish%20survey.pdf Rind, B. Reactions to Minor-Older and Minor-Peer Sex as a Function of Personal and Situational Variables in a Finnish Nationally Representative Student Sample. Arch Sex Behav 51, 961–985 (2022).], see also [https://www.newgon.net/wiki/images/Rindbasics.pdf Yesmap Primer] and [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02224-0 DOI.org].</ref>. It’s assumed that such a behavior could function to receive affection and extra resources not available from the child's default caregiver. This testifies to the evolutionarily beneficial and reciprocal essence of intergenerational attraction (Klapilová & Bártová, 2017; Stevens & Price, 2016; Rind, 2013 <ref name=":4"> [https://greek-love.com/media/PDFs/Rind.Pederasty.an.Integration.pdf Rind, B. (2013). Pederasty: An Integration of Empirical, Historical, Sociological, Cross-Cultural, Cross-Species, and Evolutionary Evidence and Perspectives.] In: Thomas K Hubbard, Beert Verstraete (Eds.), [[Censoring Sex Research\|Censoring Sex Research: The Debate over Male Intergenerational Relations]]. (pp. 1-90) ''New York: Routledge.'' doi:10.4324/9781315432458</ref>).

	* '''Klapilová, K., Bártová, K. (2017). [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3382-1 Sexual Pathology.] In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_1717 Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science.] (pp. 7439 - 7445). Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3382-1'''		* '''Klapilová, K., Bártová, K. (2017). [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3382-1 Sexual Pathology.] In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) [https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_1717 Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science.] (pp. 7439 - 7445). Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3382-1'''