Research: Psychopathy and abnormal psychology - Revision history

Thorn: /* Associated characteristics */

2026-10-01T10:45:06Z

Associated characteristics

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 1 October 2026
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	*:"Participants included 85 pedophilic men who committed hands-on child sexual offenses (P+CSO), 72 pedophilic men who never committed hands-on child sexual offenses (P−CSO), and 128 nonoffending teleiophilic male controls (TC). Several affective and cognitive aspects of empathy were assessed using the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Whereas in self-reports (IRI) P+CSO scored lower than TC (P−CSO intermediate) in cognitive perspective-taking abilities, a performance-based measure (MET) revealed evidence for a better differentiation of emotional states in P−CSO as compared with P+CSO (TC intermediate). In addition, P+CSO and P−CSO showed significantly higher affective resonance while observing children (MET), which was paralleled by higher self-reported levels of personal distress in social situations (IRI). The results indicate evidence for higher general affective empathic resonance to children in pedophilic men but superior cognitive empathy abilities in nonoffending pedophiles only, which may act as a protective factor in the prevention of sexual offending."		*:"Participants included 85 pedophilic men who committed hands-on child sexual offenses (P+CSO), 72 pedophilic men who never committed hands-on child sexual offenses (P−CSO), and 128 nonoffending teleiophilic male controls (TC). Several affective and cognitive aspects of empathy were assessed using the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Whereas in self-reports (IRI) P+CSO scored lower than TC (P−CSO intermediate) in cognitive perspective-taking abilities, a performance-based measure (MET) revealed evidence for a better differentiation of emotional states in P−CSO as compared with P+CSO (TC intermediate). In addition, P+CSO and P−CSO showed significantly higher affective resonance while observing children (MET), which was paralleled by higher self-reported levels of personal distress in social situations (IRI). The results indicate evidence for higher general affective empathic resonance to children in pedophilic men but superior cognitive empathy abilities in nonoffending pedophiles only, which may act as a protective factor in the prevention of sexual offending."

	*'''Berlin, F. S. (2000). "[~~http~~://~~ajp.~~psychiatryonline.org/~~article~~.~~aspx?articleid=174135~~ Treatments to change sexual orientation]," ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'', 157, 5.'''		*'''Berlin, F. S. (2000). "[https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.838 Treatments to change sexual orientation]," ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'', 157, 5. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.83'''
	*:"Individuals whose sexual orientation is directed toward children manifest the same range of personality, temperamental, and character traits as individuals whose sexual orientation is directed towards adults. A recent Journal article documented that the vast majority of individuals with pedophilia showed no evidence of either antisocial or narcissistic personality disorder."		*:"Individuals whose sexual orientation is directed toward children manifest the same range of personality, temperamental, and character traits as individuals whose sexual orientation is directed towards adults. A recent Journal article [[https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ajp.156.5.786 Raymond et al., 1999]] documented that the vast majority of individuals with pedophilia showed no evidence of either antisocial or narcissistic personality disorder."

	*'''Whittaker, J. Wilson (2007). "A comparison of neurocognitive functioning in pedophilic child molesters, nonpedophilic child molesters and normal adult males," pp. 7-8. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Utah.'''		*'''Whittaker, J. Wilson (2007). "A comparison of neurocognitive functioning in pedophilic child molesters, nonpedophilic child molesters and normal adult males," pp. 7-8. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Utah.'''

Thorn: /* So-called "perturbation" theory */

2026-09-11T16:59:54Z

So-called "perturbation" theory

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 11 September 2026
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	===So-called "perturbation" theory===		===So-called "perturbation" theory===

	[[James Cantor]], Ray Blanchard and others have since 2002,<ref>Blanchard, R., Christensen, B.K., Strong, S.M. et al. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1020659331965 Retrospective Self-Reports of Childhood Accidents Causing Unconsciousness in Phallometrically Diagnosed Pedophiles]. Arch Sex Behav 31, 511–526 (2002). doi:10.1023/A:1020659331965</ref> made various assertions re. brain functioning/structure (linked to early brain traumas), left handedness and reduced stature in "pedophiles" or "pedohebephiles" identified within unrepresentative criminal samples. These theories tend to fall apart when researchers look at broader samples.		[[James Cantor]], [[Ray Blanchard]] and others have since 2002,<ref>Blanchard, R., Christensen, B.K., Strong, S.M. et al. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1020659331965 Retrospective Self-Reports of Childhood Accidents Causing Unconsciousness in Phallometrically Diagnosed Pedophiles]. Arch Sex Behav 31, 511–526 (2002). doi:10.1023/A:1020659331965</ref> made various assertions re. brain functioning/structure (linked to early brain traumas), left handedness and reduced stature in "pedophiles" or "pedohebephiles" identified within unrepresentative criminal samples. These theories tend to fall apart when researchers look at broader samples.

	*'''Joyal, C.C. (2022). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian-Joyal/publication/356789483_The_neuroanatomical_bases_of_pedophilia_and_the_importance_of_distinguishing_genuine_vs_acquired_types_A_systematic_review_Invited_paper/links/61ad7a10ca2d401f27cafe81/The-neuroanatomical-bases-of-pedophilia-and-the-importance-of-distinguishing-genuine-vs-acquired-types-A-systematic-review-Invited-paper.pdf The neuroanatomical bases of pedophilia and the importance of distinguishing genuine vs. acquired types: A systematic review] ''Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, Prevention'', DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.5571'''		*'''Joyal, C.C. (2022). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian-Joyal/publication/356789483_The_neuroanatomical_bases_of_pedophilia_and_the_importance_of_distinguishing_genuine_vs_acquired_types_A_systematic_review_Invited_paper/links/61ad7a10ca2d401f27cafe81/The-neuroanatomical-bases-of-pedophilia-and-the-importance-of-distinguishing-genuine-vs-acquired-types-A-systematic-review-Invited-paper.pdf The neuroanatomical bases of pedophilia and the importance of distinguishing genuine vs. acquired types: A systematic review] ''Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, Prevention'', DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.5571'''

Thorn at 15:14, 10 September 2026

2026-09-10T15:14:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:14, 10 September 2026
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	===So-called "perturbation" theory===		===So-called "perturbation" theory===

	[[James Cantor]], Ray Blanchard and others have since 2002,<ref>~~[https://sci-hub.se/10.1023/A:1020659331965~~ Blanchard, R., Christensen, B. K., Strong, S. M.~~, Cantor, J~~. M.~~, Kuban, M~~. E.~~, Klassen, P~~., ~~… Blak, T.~~ (2002)~~. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31(6), 511–526~~. doi:10.1023/a:1020659331965]</ref> made various assertions re. brain functioning/structure (linked to early brain traumas), left handedness and reduced stature in "pedophiles" or "pedohebephiles" identified within unrepresentative criminal samples. These theories tend to fall apart when researchers look at broader samples.		[[James Cantor]], Ray Blanchard and others have since 2002,<ref>Blanchard, R., Christensen, B.K., Strong, S.M. et al. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1020659331965 Retrospective Self-Reports of Childhood Accidents Causing Unconsciousness in Phallometrically Diagnosed Pedophiles]. Arch Sex Behav 31, 511–526 (2002). doi:10.1023/A:1020659331965</ref> made various assertions re. brain functioning/structure (linked to early brain traumas), left handedness and reduced stature in "pedophiles" or "pedohebephiles" identified within unrepresentative criminal samples. These theories tend to fall apart when researchers look at broader samples.

	*'''Joyal, C.C. (2022). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian-Joyal/publication/356789483_The_neuroanatomical_bases_of_pedophilia_and_the_importance_of_distinguishing_genuine_vs_acquired_types_A_systematic_review_Invited_paper/links/61ad7a10ca2d401f27cafe81/The-neuroanatomical-bases-of-pedophilia-and-the-importance-of-distinguishing-genuine-vs-acquired-types-A-systematic-review-Invited-paper.pdf The neuroanatomical bases of pedophilia and the importance of distinguishing genuine vs. acquired types: A systematic review] ''Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, Prevention'', DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.5571'''		*'''Joyal, C.C. (2022). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian-Joyal/publication/356789483_The_neuroanatomical_bases_of_pedophilia_and_the_importance_of_distinguishing_genuine_vs_acquired_types_A_systematic_review_Invited_paper/links/61ad7a10ca2d401f27cafe81/The-neuroanatomical-bases-of-pedophilia-and-the-importance-of-distinguishing-genuine-vs-acquired-types-A-systematic-review-Invited-paper.pdf The neuroanatomical bases of pedophilia and the importance of distinguishing genuine vs. acquired types: A systematic review] ''Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, Prevention'', DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.5571'''

Thorn: /* Associated characteristics */

2026-06-30T15:18:49Z

Associated characteristics

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:18, 30 June 2026
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	*'''Mundy, C. L. (2020). [https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0394716 Shifting the focus : a multimethod exploration of resiliency among child-attracted persons] (T). ''University of British Columbia''.'''		*'''Mundy, C. L. (2020). [https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0394716 Shifting the focus : a multimethod exploration of resiliency among child-attracted persons] (T). ''University of British Columbia''.'''
	::"[C]hild-attracted persons in my sample [n=116] exhibited higher levels of honesty-humility, agreeableness, and altruism than the university students. Conceptually, this makes sense, as child-attracted persons who exhibit pro-social personality characteristics, such as honesty-humility, are likely more resilient to engaging in sexual offending behaviours due to a higher level of morality."		::"[C]hild-attracted persons in my sample [n=116] exhibited higher levels of honesty-humility, agreeableness, and altruism than the university students. Conceptually, this makes sense, as child-attracted persons who exhibit pro-social personality characteristics, such as honesty-humility, are likely more resilient to engaging in sexual offending behaviours due to a higher level of morality."

			*'''Gillespie, S. (2022). [https://www.proquest.com/openview/ba920465eed71c360408571550ba3f4b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Sexual Fantasies and Self-Regulation in a Community Sample of People with Sexual Fantasies and/or Interest Involving Minors] [Ph.D. Thesis]'''
			::"Some searchers have discovered neurological differences of a prenatal origin in those reporting pedophilic arousal pattern, as well as other neurocognitive differences suggesting that the development of minor attraction could have biological roots (Cantor et al., 2016). Further study has found that executive functioning and inhibitory control are impaired in pedophilic sexual offenders, but these impairments were not found in non-offending pedophiles or non-offending nonpedophilic controls (Massau et al., 2017; Ristow et al., 2019). These researchers suggest that the neurocognitive difference previous research associated with pedophilia actually may be more associated with pedophiles who have sexually offended against a child as the relationship disappears when controlling for sexual offense history. "

	===So-called "perturbation" theory===		===So-called "perturbation" theory===

Jim Burton at 21:34, 13 November 2025

2025-11-13T21:34:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 13 November 2025
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	Non-criminal populations of pedophiles do not exhibit increased levels of psychopathy or other pathologies,<ref>[https://www.b4uact.org/know-the-facts/ B4U-ACT research summary]</ref> nor less typical psychological characteristics such as left-handedness or paraphilia. One study even found lower levels of psychopathology.		Non-criminal populations of pedophiles do not exhibit increased levels of psychopathy or other pathologies,<ref>[https://www.b4uact.org/know-the-facts/ B4U-ACT research summary]</ref> nor less typical psychological characteristics such as left-handedness or paraphilia. One study even found lower levels of psychopathology.

	Regarding MAPs, we are at a stage similar to homosexuality in the 1940s, 50s and 60s and for similar reasons.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-mental-science/article/abs/psychometric-aspects-of-homosexuality/C7FC17220BD07E5F87EC545F600BA58C Grygier, T. (1957). Psychometric Aspects of Homosexuality. Journal of Mental Science, 103(432), 514-526.]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b AHRENFELDT RH. Homosexuality and sexual trauma. British Medical Journal. 1947 Nov;2(4532):795. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1176/ajp.112.8.584 GLUECK, B. C. (1956). PSYCHODYNAMIC PATTERNS IN THE HOMOSEXUAL SEX OFFENDER. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112(8), 584–590.]</ref><ref>STAFFORD-CLARK D. The medico-legal problem of homosexuality. The Medical Press. 1947 Sep;218(10):220-222. PMID: 20257970.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/male-homosexual/z4njgwx Male Homosexual: Archive from the BBC in which homosexuals speak candidly of their "condition" in 1965]</ref> As the APA now admit:		Regarding MAPs, we are at a stage similar to homosexuality in the 1940s, 50s and 60s and for similar reasons.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-mental-science/article/abs/psychometric-aspects-of-homosexuality/C7FC17220BD07E5F87EC545F600BA58C Grygier, T. (1957). Psychometric Aspects of Homosexuality. Journal of Mental Science, 103(432), 514-526.]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b AHRENFELDT RH. Homosexuality and sexual trauma. British Medical Journal. 1947 Nov;2(4532):795. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1176/ajp.112.8.584 GLUECK, B. C. (1956). PSYCHODYNAMIC PATTERNS IN THE HOMOSEXUAL SEX OFFENDER. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112(8), 584–590.]</ref><ref>STAFFORD-CLARK D. The medico-legal problem of homosexuality. The Medical Press. 1947 Sep;218(10):220-222. PMID: 20257970.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/male-homosexual/z4njgwx Male Homosexual: Archive from the BBC in which homosexuals speak candidly of their "condition" in 1965]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1974/02/24/archives/what-we-dont-know-about-homosexuality-if-it-isnt-an-illness-what-is.html If it isn't an illness, what is it?]</ref> As the APA now admit:

	:''"until the 1950's, most homosexual persons studied by psychologists and others were prisoners or mental patients, so it was easy to conclude that these were linked. Evelyn Hooker, a brave psychologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), began undoing this belief in the early 1950s. A gay former student told her, "Evelyn, it is your scientific duty to study men like me." Hooker agreed, "He's right — we know nothing about them." (cited in Burr, 1993). When she told the psychiatry department chair she wanted to study normal homosexuals, he replied, "There is no such person!" (Hooker, 1993, p. 450)."''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191215112657/https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2018/05/society-accept-homosexuality APA - How psychology has helped society accept homosexuality] See also [https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/mental-health APA - Being Gay Is Just as Healthy as Being Straight] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200807004237/http://williamapercy.com/wiki/index.php?title=Evelyn_Hooker mention of Hooker's study] on williamapercy.com)</ref>		:''"until the 1950's, most homosexual persons studied by psychologists and others were prisoners or mental patients, so it was easy to conclude that these were linked. Evelyn Hooker, a brave psychologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), began undoing this belief in the early 1950s. A gay former student told her, "Evelyn, it is your scientific duty to study men like me." Hooker agreed, "He's right — we know nothing about them." (cited in Burr, 1993). When she told the psychiatry department chair she wanted to study normal homosexuals, he replied, "There is no such person!" (Hooker, 1993, p. 450)."''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191215112657/https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2018/05/society-accept-homosexuality APA - How psychology has helped society accept homosexuality] See also [https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/mental-health APA - Being Gay Is Just as Healthy as Being Straight] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200807004237/http://williamapercy.com/wiki/index.php?title=Evelyn_Hooker mention of Hooker's study] on williamapercy.com)</ref>

Thorn: /* Multiple paraphilias? */

2025-04-28T12:37:03Z

Multiple paraphilias?

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:37, 28 April 2025
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	However other paraphilias may tend to occur together more consistently.		However other paraphilias may tend to occur together more consistently.
	*'''Fedora O., Reddon J. R., Morrison J. W., Fedora S. K., Pascoe, H., & Yeudall, L. T. (1992). "Sadism and other paraphilias in normal controls and sex offenders," ''Archives of Sexual Behavior'', 21(1), 1-15.'''		*'''Fedora O., Reddon J. R., Morrison J. W., Fedora S. K., Pascoe, H., & Yeudall, L. T. (1992). "Sadism and other paraphilias in normal controls and aggressive and nonaggressive sex offenders," ''Archives of Sexual Behavior'', 21(1), 1-15.'''
	*:"Pedophilia had a low incidence of co-occurrence with other paraphilias whereas sadism, transvestism, fetishism, and the courtship disorder paraphilias had a high incidence of co-occurrence. [...] These results suggest that pedophilia occurred alone much more frequently than did the other paraphilias." [Of subjects who responded most to children, 90.9% of non-offenders, 84.7% of sexually non-aggressive offenders, and 50% of sexually aggressive offenders showed no other paraphilia.]		*:"Pedophilia had a low incidence of co-occurrence with other paraphilias whereas sadism, transvestism, fetishism, and the courtship disorder paraphilias had a high incidence of co-occurrence. [...] These results suggest that pedophilia occurred alone much more frequently than did the other paraphilias." [Of subjects who responded most to children, 90.9% of non-offenders, 84.7% of sexually non-aggressive offenders, and 50% of sexually aggressive offenders showed no other paraphilia.]

The Admins: best just link an archive

2024-12-27T13:13:28Z

best just link an archive

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:13, 27 December 2024
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	Regarding MAPs, we are at a stage similar to homosexuality in the 1940s, 50s and 60s and for similar reasons.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-mental-science/article/abs/psychometric-aspects-of-homosexuality/C7FC17220BD07E5F87EC545F600BA58C Grygier, T. (1957). Psychometric Aspects of Homosexuality. Journal of Mental Science, 103(432), 514-526.]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b AHRENFELDT RH. Homosexuality and sexual trauma. British Medical Journal. 1947 Nov;2(4532):795. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1176/ajp.112.8.584 GLUECK, B. C. (1956). PSYCHODYNAMIC PATTERNS IN THE HOMOSEXUAL SEX OFFENDER. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112(8), 584–590.]</ref><ref>STAFFORD-CLARK D. The medico-legal problem of homosexuality. The Medical Press. 1947 Sep;218(10):220-222. PMID: 20257970.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/male-homosexual/z4njgwx Male Homosexual: Archive from the BBC in which homosexuals speak candidly of their "condition" in 1965]</ref> As the APA now admit:		Regarding MAPs, we are at a stage similar to homosexuality in the 1940s, 50s and 60s and for similar reasons.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-mental-science/article/abs/psychometric-aspects-of-homosexuality/C7FC17220BD07E5F87EC545F600BA58C Grygier, T. (1957). Psychometric Aspects of Homosexuality. Journal of Mental Science, 103(432), 514-526.]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b AHRENFELDT RH. Homosexuality and sexual trauma. British Medical Journal. 1947 Nov;2(4532):795. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1176/ajp.112.8.584 GLUECK, B. C. (1956). PSYCHODYNAMIC PATTERNS IN THE HOMOSEXUAL SEX OFFENDER. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112(8), 584–590.]</ref><ref>STAFFORD-CLARK D. The medico-legal problem of homosexuality. The Medical Press. 1947 Sep;218(10):220-222. PMID: 20257970.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/male-homosexual/z4njgwx Male Homosexual: Archive from the BBC in which homosexuals speak candidly of their "condition" in 1965]</ref> As the APA now admit:

	:''"until the 1950's, most homosexual persons studied by psychologists and others were prisoners or mental patients, so it was easy to conclude that these were linked. Evelyn Hooker, a brave psychologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), began undoing this belief in the early 1950s. A gay former student told her, "Evelyn, it is your scientific duty to study men like me." Hooker agreed, "He's right — we know nothing about them." (cited in Burr, 1993). When she told the psychiatry department chair she wanted to study normal homosexuals, he replied, "There is no such person!" (Hooker, 1993, p. 450)."''<ref>[https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2018/05/society-accept-homosexuality APA - How psychology has helped society accept homosexuality] ~~(the page is unavailable now.~~ See ~~instead~~ [https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/mental-health APA - Being Gay Is Just as Healthy as Being Straight] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200807004237/http://williamapercy.com/wiki/index.php?title=Evelyn_Hooker mention of Hooker's study] on williamapercy.com)</ref>		:''"until the 1950's, most homosexual persons studied by psychologists and others were prisoners or mental patients, so it was easy to conclude that these were linked. Evelyn Hooker, a brave psychologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), began undoing this belief in the early 1950s. A gay former student told her, "Evelyn, it is your scientific duty to study men like me." Hooker agreed, "He's right — we know nothing about them." (cited in Burr, 1993). When she told the psychiatry department chair she wanted to study normal homosexuals, he replied, "There is no such person!" (Hooker, 1993, p. 450)."''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191215112657/https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2018/05/society-accept-homosexuality APA - How psychology has helped society accept homosexuality] See also [https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/mental-health APA - Being Gay Is Just as Healthy as Being Straight] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200807004237/http://williamapercy.com/wiki/index.php?title=Evelyn_Hooker mention of Hooker's study] on williamapercy.com)</ref>

	==Associated characteristics==		==Associated characteristics==

Thorn at 06:17, 27 December 2024

2024-12-27T06:17:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:17, 27 December 2024
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	Regarding MAPs, we are at a stage similar to homosexuality in the 1940s, 50s and 60s and for similar reasons.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-mental-science/article/abs/psychometric-aspects-of-homosexuality/C7FC17220BD07E5F87EC545F600BA58C Grygier, T. (1957). Psychometric Aspects of Homosexuality. Journal of Mental Science, 103(432), 514-526.]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b AHRENFELDT RH. Homosexuality and sexual trauma. British Medical Journal. 1947 Nov;2(4532):795. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1176/ajp.112.8.584 GLUECK, B. C. (1956). PSYCHODYNAMIC PATTERNS IN THE HOMOSEXUAL SEX OFFENDER. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112(8), 584–590.]</ref><ref>STAFFORD-CLARK D. The medico-legal problem of homosexuality. The Medical Press. 1947 Sep;218(10):220-222. PMID: 20257970.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/male-homosexual/z4njgwx Male Homosexual: Archive from the BBC in which homosexuals speak candidly of their "condition" in 1965]</ref> As the APA now admit:		Regarding MAPs, we are at a stage similar to homosexuality in the 1940s, 50s and 60s and for similar reasons.<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-mental-science/article/abs/psychometric-aspects-of-homosexuality/C7FC17220BD07E5F87EC545F600BA58C Grygier, T. (1957). Psychometric Aspects of Homosexuality. Journal of Mental Science, 103(432), 514-526.]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b AHRENFELDT RH. Homosexuality and sexual trauma. British Medical Journal. 1947 Nov;2(4532):795. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4532.795-b]</ref><ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1176/ajp.112.8.584 GLUECK, B. C. (1956). PSYCHODYNAMIC PATTERNS IN THE HOMOSEXUAL SEX OFFENDER. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112(8), 584–590.]</ref><ref>STAFFORD-CLARK D. The medico-legal problem of homosexuality. The Medical Press. 1947 Sep;218(10):220-222. PMID: 20257970.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/male-homosexual/z4njgwx Male Homosexual: Archive from the BBC in which homosexuals speak candidly of their "condition" in 1965]</ref> As the APA now admit:

	:''"until the 1950's, most homosexual persons studied by psychologists and others were prisoners or mental patients, so it was easy to conclude that these were linked. Evelyn Hooker, a brave psychologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), began undoing this belief in the early 1950s. A gay former student told her, "Evelyn, it is your scientific duty to study men like me." Hooker agreed, "He's right — we know nothing about them." (cited in Burr, 1993). When she told the psychiatry department chair she wanted to study normal homosexuals, he replied, "There is no such person!" (Hooker, 1993, p. 450)."''<ref>[https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2018/05/society-accept-homosexuality APA - How psychology has helped society accept homosexuality]</ref>		:''"until the 1950's, most homosexual persons studied by psychologists and others were prisoners or mental patients, so it was easy to conclude that these were linked. Evelyn Hooker, a brave psychologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), began undoing this belief in the early 1950s. A gay former student told her, "Evelyn, it is your scientific duty to study men like me." Hooker agreed, "He's right — we know nothing about them." (cited in Burr, 1993). When she told the psychiatry department chair she wanted to study normal homosexuals, he replied, "There is no such person!" (Hooker, 1993, p. 450)."''<ref>[https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/ptn/2018/05/society-accept-homosexuality APA - How psychology has helped society accept homosexuality] (the page is unavailable now. See instead [https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/mental-health APA - Being Gay Is Just as Healthy as Being Straight] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200807004237/http://williamapercy.com/wiki/index.php?title=Evelyn_Hooker mention of Hooker's study] on williamapercy.com)</ref>

	==Associated characteristics==		==Associated characteristics==

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Associated characteristics

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	*:"Here, we provide robust meta-analytic evidence that brain activity is not generally altered in pedophilia but deviates specifically in response to sexual stimuli."		*:"Here, we provide robust meta-analytic evidence that brain activity is not generally altered in pedophilia but deviates specifically in response to sexual stimuli."

			*'''Mundy, C. L. (2020). [https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0394716 Shifting the focus : a multimethod exploration of resiliency among child-attracted persons] (T). ''University of British Columbia''.'''
			::"[C]hild-attracted persons in my sample [n=116] exhibited higher levels of honesty-humility, agreeableness, and altruism than the university students. Conceptually, this makes sense, as child-attracted persons who exhibit pro-social personality characteristics, such as honesty-humility, are likely more resilient to engaging in sexual offending behaviours due to a higher level of morality."

	===So-called "perturbation" theory===		===So-called "perturbation" theory===

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Associated characteristics

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	===Multiple paraphilias?===		===Multiple paraphilias?===
			Some studies found correlations between minor attraction and other "paraphilias".
			*'''McPhail, I.V. (2024) “[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11930-023-00381-y The Subjective Experience of Individuals with Pedohebephilic Interest]”, ''Current Sexual Health Reports'' 16, DOI: 10.1007/s11930-023-00381-y'''
			*:"Individuals who report pedohebephilic interests are also more likely to report other paraphilias, such as scatologia, zoophilia, sadism, urophilia, frotteurism, exhibitionism, and voyeurism [46, 89, 90]."

			However other paraphilias may tend to occur together more consistently.
	*'''Fedora O., Reddon J. R., Morrison J. W., Fedora S. K., Pascoe, H., & Yeudall, L. T. (1992). "Sadism and other paraphilias in normal controls and sex offenders," ''Archives of Sexual Behavior'', 21(1), 1-15.'''		*'''Fedora O., Reddon J. R., Morrison J. W., Fedora S. K., Pascoe, H., & Yeudall, L. T. (1992). "Sadism and other paraphilias in normal controls and sex offenders," ''Archives of Sexual Behavior'', 21(1), 1-15.'''
	*:"Pedophilia had a low incidence of co-occurrence with other paraphilias whereas sadism, transvestism, fetishism, and the courtship disorder paraphilias had a high incidence of co-occurrence. [...] These results suggest that pedophilia occurred alone much more frequently than did the other paraphilias." [Of subjects who responded most to children, 90.9% of non-offenders, 84.7% of sexually non-aggressive offenders, and 50% of sexually aggressive offenders showed no other paraphilia.]		*:"Pedophilia had a low incidence of co-occurrence with other paraphilias whereas sadism, transvestism, fetishism, and the courtship disorder paraphilias had a high incidence of co-occurrence. [...] These results suggest that pedophilia occurred alone much more frequently than did the other paraphilias." [Of subjects who responded most to children, 90.9% of non-offenders, 84.7% of sexually non-aggressive offenders, and 50% of sexually aggressive offenders showed no other paraphilia.]