Research: Youth sexuality - Revision history

Jim Burton: /* Effects and perception */

2026-01-20T18:27:39Z

Effects and perception

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:27, 20 January 2026
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	The idea of "children" as "perpetrators of sexual abuse" is an American Imperialist worldview originating in the 1980s, as youth sexuality was further [[moral panic\|problematized]]. By the 1990s, it had come to predominate in European countries - even formerly liberal Denmark.<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-022-02421-5 Leander, EM.B. Children’s Sexuality and Nudity in Discourse and Images in a Danish Education and Care Journal over 50 Years (1970–2019): The Emergence of “The Child Perpetrator of Sexual Abuse” in an International Perspective. Arch Sex Behav (2022). ]</ref> Our excerpts look mainly at studies that were not conducted under the presumption of abuse.		The idea of "children" as "perpetrators of sexual abuse" is an American Imperialist worldview originating in the 1980s, as youth sexuality was further [[moral panic\|problematized]]. By the 1990s, it had come to predominate in European countries - even formerly liberal Denmark.<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-022-02421-5 Leander, EM.B. Children’s Sexuality and Nudity in Discourse and Images in a Danish Education and Care Journal over 50 Years (1970–2019): The Emergence of “The Child Perpetrator of Sexual Abuse” in an International Perspective. Arch Sex Behav (2022). ]</ref> Our excerpts look mainly at studies that were not conducted under the presumption of abuse.

			*'''Schmiedeberg, C., Avilés, T.G. (2025). [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03128-z Longitudinal Links Between Sexual Debut and Self-Esteem Development in German Adolescents and Young Adults], Arch Sex Behav, 54, 1709–1716.'''
			*:"The present study investigated whether first sexual intercourse was associated with subsequent changes in self-esteem. Data from a large, nationwide randomly sampled longitudinal study of adolescents and emerging adults in Germany (N = 1678, 53% female) of whom 39% experienced sexual debut during the study period were used. Fixed-effects regression models were applied to estimate the effect of sexual debut on self-esteem. Findings indicated a significant positive effect of sexual debut on subsequent self-esteem. This effect was not moderated by age at sexual debut or gender. Together, the results emphasize the developmental significance of sexual experiences for personal growth in adolescents and emerging adults."

	*'''Corpuz, R., Kotov, D. A., & Donovan, R. L. (2023) [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1199735/abstract Earlier sexual debut predicts higher (not lower) levels of father care measured across twelve weeks: An experience sampling study.] ''Frontiers in Psychology'', 14, 1199735. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1199735'''		*'''Corpuz, R., Kotov, D. A., & Donovan, R. L. (2023) [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1199735/abstract Earlier sexual debut predicts higher (not lower) levels of father care measured across twelve weeks: An experience sampling study.] ''Frontiers in Psychology'', 14, 1199735. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1199735'''

Jim Burton at 14:08, 24 September 2025

2025-09-24T14:08:00Z

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	__NOTOC__{{research}}		__NOTOC__{{research}}
	Sexual activities among youth under 18 are common and do not tend to damage participants directly. In localities where an association has been seen to exist, socially conservative attitudes and inadequate education, particularly concerning feminine gender roles, are the likely causes.<ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1080/00224499.2015.1055855 Kim, H. S. (2015). Sexual Debut and Mental Health Among South Korean Adolescents. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(3), 313–320.]</ref> Whilst these experiences play an important part in learning, their diversity challenges the common myth of a uniform "childhood sexuality" characterized by "[[Childhood Innocence\|innocent]] sex play". Evidence of young people's sexual behavior comes from a variety of sources (see below), including research from anthropology as shown in our [[Research:_Nonwestern_Intergenerational_Relationships\|page on non-western cultures]].		Sexual activities among youth under 18 are common and do not tend to damage participants directly.<ref>[https://metro.co.uk/2013/04/29/children-of-ten-are-regularly-having-sex-3697942/ Children of ten ‘are regularly having sex’]: <small>"The problem was highlighted in a survey carried out among year 9 pupils by Michelle Barry, who works with youngsters as part of a Southampton rape crisis project. She said: ‘I was gobsmacked when I asked a class of 13-year-olds if they had ever sent naked pictures of themselves and not a single hand did not go up. ‘What is most worrying is the fact young people do not identify this as a problem. For them, it is part and parcel of school life.’"</small></ref> In localities where an association has been seen to exist, socially conservative attitudes and inadequate education, particularly concerning feminine gender roles, are the likely causes.<ref>[https://sci-hub.se/10.1080/00224499.2015.1055855 Kim, H. S. (2015). Sexual Debut and Mental Health Among South Korean Adolescents. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(3), 313–320.]</ref> Whilst these experiences play an important part in learning, their diversity challenges the common myth of a uniform "childhood sexuality" characterized by "[[Childhood Innocence\|innocent]] sex play". Evidence of young people's sexual behavior comes from a variety of sources (see below), including research from anthropology as shown in our [[Research:_Nonwestern_Intergenerational_Relationships\|page on non-western cultures]].

	==Age-appropriate chronophilia?==		==Age-appropriate chronophilia?==

Thorn: /* Prevalence and diversity */

2025-08-11T15:04:13Z

Prevalence and diversity

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	*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED224562.pdf Goldman and Goldman (1982)] found that 50% of boys [Editor: actually 5%, not 50%, check in the original paper, p.188] and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."		*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED224562.pdf Goldman and Goldman (1982)] found that 50% of boys [Editor: actually 5%, not 50%, check in the original paper, p.188] and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."

	'''Sandnabba, N. Kenneth, Pekka Santtila, and Niklas Nordling. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pekka-Santtila-2/publication/247525378_Sexual_behavior_and_social_adaptation_among_sadomasochistically-oriented_males/links/568d184d08aec2fdf6f63ff8/Sexual-behavior-and-social-adaptation-among-sadomasochistically-orien “Sexual Behavior and Social Adaptation among Sadomasochistically-Oriented Males.”] ''The Journal of Sex Research'' 36, no. 3 (1999): 273–82.'''		*'''Sandnabba, N. Kenneth, Pekka Santtila, and Niklas Nordling. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pekka-Santtila-2/publication/247525378_Sexual_behavior_and_social_adaptation_among_sadomasochistically-oriented_males/links/568d184d08aec2fdf6f63ff8/Sexual-behavior-and-social-adaptation-among-sadomasochistically-orien “Sexual Behavior and Social Adaptation among Sadomasochistically-Oriented Males.”] ''The Journal of Sex Research'' 36, no. 3 (1999): 273–82.'''
	:: Table 3 demonstrates the age at which participants (164 of male sadomasochists) became aware of their sadomasochistic preference: 9.3% in the <10 age bracket; another 12.3% in the 11-13 age bracket; yet another 19.1% in the 14-17 age bracket.		:: Table 3 demonstrates the age at which participants (164 of male sadomasochists) became aware of their sadomasochistic preference: 9.3% in the <10 age bracket; another 12.3% in the 11-13 age bracket; yet another 19.1% in the 14-17 age bracket.

Thorn: /* Prevalence and diversity */

2025-08-11T15:03:48Z

Prevalence and diversity

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 11 August 2025
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	*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED224562.pdf Goldman and Goldman (1982)] found that 50% of boys [Editor: actually 5%, not 50%, check in the original paper, p.188] and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."		*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED224562.pdf Goldman and Goldman (1982)] found that 50% of boys [Editor: actually 5%, not 50%, check in the original paper, p.188] and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."

	'''Sandnabba, N. Kenneth, Pekka Santtila, and Niklas Nordling. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pekka-Santtila-2/publication/247525378_Sexual_behavior_and_social_adaptation_among_sadomasochistically-oriented_males/links/568d184d08aec2fdf6f63ff8/Sexual-behavior-and-social-adaptation-among-sadomasochistically-orien “Sexual Behavior and Social Adaptation among Sadomasochistically-Oriented Males.”] The Journal of Sex Research 36, no. 3 (1999): 273–82.'''		'''Sandnabba, N. Kenneth, Pekka Santtila, and Niklas Nordling. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pekka-Santtila-2/publication/247525378_Sexual_behavior_and_social_adaptation_among_sadomasochistically-oriented_males/links/568d184d08aec2fdf6f63ff8/Sexual-behavior-and-social-adaptation-among-sadomasochistically-orien “Sexual Behavior and Social Adaptation among Sadomasochistically-Oriented Males.”] ''The Journal of Sex Research'' 36, no. 3 (1999): 273–82.'''
	:: Table 3 demonstrates the age at which participants (164 of male sadomasochists) became aware of their sadomasochistic preference: 9.3% in the <10 age bracket; another 12.3% in the 11-13 age bracket; yet another 19.1% in the 14-17 age bracket.		:: Table 3 demonstrates the age at which participants (164 of male sadomasochists) became aware of their sadomasochistic preference: 9.3% in the <10 age bracket; another 12.3% in the 11-13 age bracket; yet another 19.1% in the 14-17 age bracket.

			*'''Walker, A.M., Kuperberg, A. (2022) [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alicia-Walker-2/publication/357834764_Pathways_and_Patterns_of_Entrance_into_BDSM/links/620413dc50d0b450188c52a8/Pathways-and-Patterns-of-Entrance-into-BDSM.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&_sg%5B1%5D=starte Pathways and Patterns of Entrance into BDSM]. ''Arch Sex Behav'' 51, 1045–1062 . doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02154-x'''
			::"Almost one-ffth reported onset of fantasies before age 13, 76.4% reported onset before age 18, and 92.7% before age 22."

	==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====		==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====

Thorn: /* Prevalence and diversity */

2025-08-11T14:47:06Z

Prevalence and diversity

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	*'''Bhugra, D. (2000). [https://sci-hub.ru/10.1080/14681990050001574 Disturbances in objects of desire: Cross-cultural issues.] Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 15(1), 67–78. doi:10.1080/14681990050001574'''		*'''Bhugra, D. (2000). [https://sci-hub.ru/10.1080/14681990050001574 Disturbances in objects of desire: Cross-cultural issues.] Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 15(1), 67–78. doi:10.1080/14681990050001574'''
	*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED224562.pdf Goldman and Goldman (1982)] found that 50% of boys [Editor: actually 5%, not 50%, check in the original paper, p.188] and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."		*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED224562.pdf Goldman and Goldman (1982)] found that 50% of boys [Editor: actually 5%, not 50%, check in the original paper, p.188] and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."

			'''Sandnabba, N. Kenneth, Pekka Santtila, and Niklas Nordling. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pekka-Santtila-2/publication/247525378_Sexual_behavior_and_social_adaptation_among_sadomasochistically-oriented_males/links/568d184d08aec2fdf6f63ff8/Sexual-behavior-and-social-adaptation-among-sadomasochistically-orien “Sexual Behavior and Social Adaptation among Sadomasochistically-Oriented Males.”] The Journal of Sex Research 36, no. 3 (1999): 273–82.'''
			:: Table 3 demonstrates the age at which participants (164 of male sadomasochists) became aware of their sadomasochistic preference: 9.3% in the <10 age bracket; another 12.3% in the 11-13 age bracket; yet another 19.1% in the 14-17 age bracket.

	==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====		==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====

Thorn: /* External links */

2024-11-23T12:17:18Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:17, 23 November 2024
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	*[https://fstube.net/w/aXHNcMvrWkCtYQfezZ2Ax6 Sexual Development & Children with Sex Behavior Problems (Part 1 of 3)] - First in a series ([https://fstube.net/w/aQjNqSGjxTS99Bz6mysnWS 2], [https://fstube.net/w/7p2B6thkDV6wjKMgtq2TqD 3]) of videos hitting back at the medical culture of problematizing young people's sexuality.		*[https://fstube.net/w/aXHNcMvrWkCtYQfezZ2Ax6 Sexual Development & Children with Sex Behavior Problems (Part 1 of 3)] - First in a series ([https://fstube.net/w/aQjNqSGjxTS99Bz6mysnWS 2], [https://fstube.net/w/7p2B6thkDV6wjKMgtq2TqD 3]) of videos hitting back at the medical culture of problematizing young people's sexuality.

			*Goldman, Ronald; Goldman, Juliette (1982) [https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED224562 Children's Sexual Thinking: A Comparative Study of Children Aged 5 to 15 Years in Australia, North America, Britain and Sweden.] [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED224562.pdf pdf] - "The purpose of this cross-national descriptive study is to measure the extent of children's sexual knowledge and sexual understanding at various ages and to identify what processes of thought children use in trying to explain biological functions and the phenomena of their own bodies as they grow and change."

	==References==		==References==

	[[Category:Official Encyclopedia]][[Category:Research into effects on Children]]		[[Category:Official Encyclopedia]][[Category:Research into effects on Children]]

Thorn: /* Prevalence and diversity */

2024-11-19T15:00:25Z

Prevalence and diversity

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 19 November 2024
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	*'''Bhugra, D. (2000). [https://sci-hub.ru/10.1080/14681990050001574 Disturbances in objects of desire: Cross-cultural issues.] Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 15(1), 67–78. doi:10.1080/14681990050001574'''		*'''Bhugra, D. (2000). [https://sci-hub.ru/10.1080/14681990050001574 Disturbances in objects of desire: Cross-cultural issues.] Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 15(1), 67–78. doi:10.1080/14681990050001574'''
	*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, Goldman and Goldman (1982) found that 50% of boys and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."		*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED224562.pdf Goldman and Goldman (1982)] found that 50% of boys [Editor: actually 5%, not 50%, check in the original paper, p.188] and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."

	==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====		==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====

Thorn: /* Prevalence and diversity */

2024-11-09T12:03:57Z

Prevalence and diversity

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 9 November 2024
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	*'''Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach (1951) [https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=EDFEA6F931F7829028850C4ADCF1356E Patterns of Sexual Behavior]. ''New York: Harper and Row'''''		*'''Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach (1951) [https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=EDFEA6F931F7829028850C4ADCF1356E Patterns of Sexual Behavior]. ''New York: Harper and Row'''''
	*: In their examination of 191 cultures, Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach concluded that as “long as the adult members of a society permit them to do so, immature males and females engage in practically every type of sexual behavior found in grown men and women.”		*: In their examination of 191 cultures, Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach concluded that as “long as the adult members of a society permit them to do so, immature males and females engage in practically every type of sexual behavior found in grown men and women.”

			*'''Bhugra, D. (2000). [https://sci-hub.ru/10.1080/14681990050001574 Disturbances in objects of desire: Cross-cultural issues.] Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 15(1), 67–78. doi:10.1080/14681990050001574'''
			*:"In their cross-cultural study of the sexual thoughts of children, Goldman and Goldman (1982) found that 50% of boys and 9.5% of girls expressed aversion to their biological sex. This reaction peaked in adolescence, with 30% of 13-year-old boys in Australia and 20% in the USA expressing such feelings which, by contrast, were virtually absent in Sweden. Bancroft (1989) suggests that the more rigid the sex role stereotypes in a society, the greater the likelihood of this gender dysphoria. Thus, rigid expectations could produce anxiety and insecurity about gender identity, for which transsexual ideas would offer one method of coping."

	==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====		==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====

Thorn at 17:37, 4 November 2024

2024-11-04T17:37:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:37, 4 November 2024
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	*'''Ellis, B. J., Figueredo, A. J., Brumbach, B. H., & Schlomer, G. L. (2009). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269820233_Fundamental_Dimensions_of_Environmental_Risk_The_Impact_of_Harsh_versus_Unpredictable_Environments_on_the_Evolution_and_Development_of_Life_History_Strategies The impact of harsh versus unpredictable environments on the evolution and development of life history strategies.] Human Nature, 20, 204–268.'''		*'''Ellis, B. J., Figueredo, A. J., Brumbach, B. H., & Schlomer, G. L. (2009). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269820233_Fundamental_Dimensions_of_Environmental_Risk_The_Impact_of_Harsh_versus_Unpredictable_Environments_on_the_Evolution_and_Development_of_Life_History_Strategies The impact of harsh versus unpredictable environments on the evolution and development of life history strategies.] Human Nature, 20, 204–268.'''
	*:"The theory posits that clusters of correlated LH [life history] traits (e.g., timing of puberty, age at sexual debut and first birth, parental investment strategies) lie on a slow-to-fast continuum; that harshness (externally caused levels of morbidity-mortality) and unpredictability (spatial-temporal variation in harshness) are the most fundamental environmental influences on the evolution and development of LH strategies; and that these influences depend on population densities and related levels of intraspecific competition and resource scarcity, on age schedules of mortality, on the sensitivity of morbidity-mortality to the organism's resource-allocation decisions, and on the extent to which environmental fluctuations affect individuals versus populations over short versus long timescales.		*:"The theory posits that clusters of correlated LH [life history] traits (e.g., timing of puberty, age at sexual debut and first birth, parental investment strategies) lie on a slow-to-fast continuum; that harshness (externally caused levels of morbidity-mortality) and unpredictability (spatial-temporal variation in harshness) are the most fundamental environmental influences on the evolution and development of LH strategies; and that these influences depend on population densities and related levels of intraspecific competition and resource scarcity, on age schedules of mortality, on the sensitivity of morbidity-mortality to the organism's resource-allocation decisions, and on the extent to which environmental fluctuations affect individuals versus populations over short versus long timescales.

			*'''Del Giudice M. (2014) [https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/1853338/974935/DelGiudice_2018_middle-childhood_chapter_pre.pdf Middle childhood: an evolutionary-developmental synthesis.]; 8:193–200. doi:10.1111/cdep.12084. in: Halfon N, Forrest CB, Lerner RM, et al., editors. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543707/ Handbook of Life Course Health Development]. ''Cham (CH): Springer''; 2018. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3'''
			*:"In a nutshell, dangerous and unpredictable environments tend to favor fast strategies characterized by early reproduction, sexual promiscuity, unstable relationships, impulsivity, risk taking, aggression, and exploitative tendencies, whereas safe and predictable environments tend to entrain slow strategies characterized by late reproduction, stable relationships, high selfcontrol, aversion to risk, and prosociality. Slow strategies are also favored by nutritional scarcity when danger is low (see Del Giudice et al., 2016; Ellis et al., 2009)"
			*:"Another recent example is the finding that early adrenarche is associated with reduced white matter volume in the frontal lobe of children (Klauser et al., 2015). Again, the standard interpretation is that early DHEA exposure has a disruptive effect on neurodevelopmenal processes; however, it is also possible that different trajectories of brain development — and even associated “symptoms” such as anxiety and aggressive behaviors — may instead reflect alternative strategies on a fast-slow continuum of life history variation. Ellis and colleagues (2012) present an extended analysis of adolescent risk-taking from this perspective, and discuss several implications for the design of interventions."

	==Early and middle childhood==		==Early and middle childhood==
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	*:"Fetishistic attractions also tend to form in middle childhood, with the onset of pleasurable sensations toward the object of the fetish (e.g., rubber, shoes) that later become fully eroticized (Lawrence, 2009). The onset of fetishistic attractions is part of a generalized awakening of sexuality in middle childhood (Table 1) and illustrates the potential for rapid plasticity with long-lasting outcomes."		*:"Fetishistic attractions also tend to form in middle childhood, with the onset of pleasurable sensations toward the object of the fetish (e.g., rubber, shoes) that later become fully eroticized (Lawrence, 2009). The onset of fetishistic attractions is part of a generalized awakening of sexuality in middle childhood (Table 1) and illustrates the potential for rapid plasticity with long-lasting outcomes."
	*:"While learning and play are relatively risk-free, they are not without consequences. The social position achieved in middle childhood is a springboard for adolescence and adulthood; popularity and centrality within the peer network put a child at a considerable advantage, with potentially long-term effects on mating and reproductive success (Del Giudice et al., 2009)."		*:"While learning and play are relatively risk-free, they are not without consequences. The social position achieved in middle childhood is a springboard for adolescence and adulthood; popularity and centrality within the peer network put a child at a considerable advantage, with potentially long-term effects on mating and reproductive success (Del Giudice et al., 2009)."
	*:in regard of earlier onset of sexuality and it's assumed consequences:
	*:"In a nutshell, dangerous and unpredictable environments tend to favor fast strategies characterized by early reproduction, sexual promiscuity, unstable relationships, impulsivity, risk taking, aggression, and exploitative tendencies, whereas safe and predictable environments tend to entrain slow strategies characterized by late reproduction, stable relationships, high selfcontrol, aversion to risk, and prosociality. Slow strategies are also favored by nutritional scarcity when danger is low (see Del Giudice et al., 2016; Ellis et al., 2009)"
	*:"Another recent example is the finding that early adrenarche is associated with reduced white matter volume in the frontal lobe of children (Klauser et al., 2015). Again, the standard interpretation is that early DHEA exposure has a disruptive effect on neurodevelopmenal processes; however, it is also possible that different trajectories of brain development — and even associated “symptoms” such as anxiety and aggressive behaviors — may instead reflect alternative strategies on a fast-slow continuum of life history variation. Ellis and colleagues (2012) present an extended analysis of adolescent risk-taking from this perspective, and discuss several implications for the design of interventions."

	* '''[[Gilbert Herdt]] and Martha McClintock, Ph.D, [https://www.ipce.info/sites/ipce.info/files/biblio_attachments/herdt_-_the_magical_age_of_10_2000.pdf The Magical Age of 10], ''Archives of Sexual Behavior'', Vol. 29, No. 6, 2000.'''		* '''[[Gilbert Herdt]] and Martha McClintock, Ph.D, [https://www.ipce.info/sites/ipce.info/files/biblio_attachments/herdt_-_the_magical_age_of_10_2000.pdf The Magical Age of 10], ''Archives of Sexual Behavior'', Vol. 29, No. 6, 2000.'''

Thorn: /* Prevalence and diversity */

2024-10-24T14:59:33Z

Prevalence and diversity

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 24 October 2024
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	*'''Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach (1951) [https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=EDFEA6F931F7829028850C4ADCF1356E Patterns of Sexual Behavior]. ''New York: Harper and Row'''''		*'''Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach (1951) [https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=EDFEA6F931F7829028850C4ADCF1356E Patterns of Sexual Behavior]. ''New York: Harper and Row'''''
	*: In their examination of 191 cultures, Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach concluded that as “long as the adult members of a society permit them to do so, immature males and females engage in practically every type of sexual behavior found in grown men and women.”		*: In their examination of 191 cultures, Clellan S. Ford and Frank A. Beach concluded that as “long as the adult members of a society permit them to do so, immature males and females engage in practically every type of sexual behavior found in grown men and women.”

			==== Factors of earlier sexual development ====
			There is an assumption that cultural sexual restrictions are responsible for the timing of sexual development. While this may be true at some point, there are many other powerful factors that influence timing.
			*'''Ellis, B. J., & Essex, M. J. (2007). [https://sci-hub.ru/10.2307/4620739 Family environments, adrenarche and sexual maturation: A longitudinal test of a life history model]. Child Development, 78, 1799–1817.'''
			*:"Higher quality parental investment (from both mothers and fathers) and less father-reported Marital Conflict/Depression forecast later adrenarche. Older age at menarche in mothers, higher socioeconomic status, greater mother-based Parental Supportiveness, and lower third-grade body mass index each uniquely and significantly predicted later sexual development in daughters. Consistent with a life history perspective, quality of parental investment emerged as a central feature of the proximal family environment in relation to pubertal timing."

			*'''Ellis, B. J., Figueredo, A. J., Brumbach, B. H., & Schlomer, G. L. (2009). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269820233_Fundamental_Dimensions_of_Environmental_Risk_The_Impact_of_Harsh_versus_Unpredictable_Environments_on_the_Evolution_and_Development_of_Life_History_Strategies The impact of harsh versus unpredictable environments on the evolution and development of life history strategies.] Human Nature, 20, 204–268.'''
			*:"The theory posits that clusters of correlated LH [life history] traits (e.g., timing of puberty, age at sexual debut and first birth, parental investment strategies) lie on a slow-to-fast continuum; that harshness (externally caused levels of morbidity-mortality) and unpredictability (spatial-temporal variation in harshness) are the most fundamental environmental influences on the evolution and development of LH strategies; and that these influences depend on population densities and related levels of intraspecific competition and resource scarcity, on age schedules of mortality, on the sensitivity of morbidity-mortality to the organism's resource-allocation decisions, and on the extent to which environmental fluctuations affect individuals versus populations over short versus long timescales.

	==Early and middle childhood==		==Early and middle childhood==