Reflex anal dilatation: Difference between revisions

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'''Reflex anal dilatation''' refers to the theory that in child victims of anal [[rape]], the anus will reflexively open on stimulation to a diameter larger than 2 cm.<ref>[http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=2060876 NW Read, WM Sun, Reflex anal dilatation: effect of parting the buttocks on anal function in normal subjects and patients with anorectal and spinal disease, Gut (Jun, 1991)]</ref> Some clinicians such as [[Marietta Higgs]] and her followers have gained clearance to probe the anuses of suspected child victims, going on to claim that resulting dilation is proof of sodomy. Anal dilation has been observed in children with suspected chronic anal rape<ref>C. Hobbs and J. Wynne, Buggery in childhood – a common syndrome of child abuse, Lancet 2 (1986), pp. 792–796</ref><ref>J. Adams, K. Harper and S. Knudson et al., Examination findings in legally confirmed cases of child sexual abuse: it's normal to be normal, Pediatrics 94 (1994), pp. 310–317</ref> and children with chronic constipation,<ref>G. Clayden, Reflex anal dilatation associated with severe chronic constipation in children, Arch Dis Child 63 (1988), pp. 832–836</ref> as well as in normal children.<ref>Goodyear-Smith, Felicity (1994). "[http://www.ipt-forensics.com/journal/volume6/j6_2_1.htm Medical Considerations in the Diagnosis of Child Sexual Abuse]," ''Issues In Child Abuse Accusations'', 6.</ref> In one study, 49% of nonabused children displayed reflex anal dilation.<ref>McCann, J., Voris J., Simon, M., & Wells, R. (1989). "Perianal findings in prepubertal children selected for nonabuse: A descriptive study," ''Child Abuse & Neglect'', 13, 179-193.</ref>
__NOTOC__'''Reflex anal dilatation''' refers to the theory that in child victims of anal [[rape]], the anus will reflexively open on stimulation to a diameter larger than 2 cm.<ref>[http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=2060876 NW Read, WM Sun, Reflex anal dilatation: effect of parting the buttocks on anal function in normal subjects and patients with anorectal and spinal disease, Gut (Jun, 1991)]</ref> Some clinicians such as [[Marietta Higgs]] and her followers have gained clearance to probe the anuses of suspected child victims, going on to claim that resulting dilation is proof of sodomy. Anal dilation has been observed in children with suspected chronic anal rape<ref>C. Hobbs and J. Wynne, Buggery in childhood – a common syndrome of child abuse, Lancet 2 (1986), pp. 792–796</ref><ref>J. Adams, K. Harper and S. Knudson et al., Examination findings in legally confirmed cases of child sexual abuse: it's normal to be normal, Pediatrics 94 (1994), pp. 310–317</ref> and children with chronic constipation,<ref>G. Clayden, Reflex anal dilatation associated with severe chronic constipation in children, Arch Dis Child 63 (1988), pp. 832–836</ref> as well as in normal children.<ref>Goodyear-Smith, Felicity (1994). "[http://www.ipt-forensics.com/journal/volume6/j6_2_1.htm Medical Considerations in the Diagnosis of Child Sexual Abuse]," ''Issues In Child Abuse Accusations'', 6.</ref> In one study, 49% of nonabused children displayed reflex anal dilation.<ref>McCann, J., Voris J., Simon, M., & Wells, R. (1989). "Perianal findings in prepubertal children selected for nonabuse: A descriptive study," ''Child Abuse & Neglect'', 13, 179-193.</ref>


Despite the theory's misuse, and significant opposition to such use,<ref>David Bernard, Melissa Peters, Kathi Makoroff, "The Evaluation of Suspected Pediatric Sexual Abuse", Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 161-169</ref> reflex anal dilatation is still considered one of many symptoms observable in anally [[rape]]d children<ref>Joyce A. Adamns, "Medical Evaluation of Suspected Child Sexual Abuse", The Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Vol 17, 2005, pp 191–197J</ref><ref>Marilyn Strachan
Despite the theory's misuse, and significant opposition to such use,<ref>David Bernard, Melissa Peters, Kathi Makoroff, "The Evaluation of Suspected Pediatric Sexual Abuse", Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 161-169</ref> reflex anal dilatation is sometimes considered one of many symptoms observable in anally [[rape]]d children<ref>Joyce A. Adamns, "Medical Evaluation of Suspected Child Sexual Abuse", The Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Vol 17, 2005, pp 191–197J</ref><ref>Marilyn Strachan
Peterson, Michael Durfee, Kevin Coulter, Child abuse and neglect: Guidelines for Identification, Assessment, and Case Management, Volcano Press, 2003, ISBN: 1884244211</ref><ref>Joyce A. Adams, Rich A. Kaplan, Suzanne P. Starling, Neha H. Mehta, Martin A. Finkel, Ann S. Botash, Nancy D. Kellogg and Robert A. Shapiro, Guidelines for Medical Care of Children Who May Have Been Sexually Abused, Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Volume 20, Issue 3, June 2007, Pages 163-172</ref>
Peterson, Michael Durfee, Kevin Coulter, Child abuse and neglect: Guidelines for Identification, Assessment, and Case Management, Volcano Press, 2003, ISBN: 1884244211</ref><ref>Joyce A. Adams, Rich A. Kaplan, Suzanne P. Starling, Neha H. Mehta, Martin A. Finkel, Ann S. Botash, Nancy D. Kellogg and Robert A. Shapiro, Guidelines for Medical Care of Children Who May Have Been Sexually Abused, Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Volume 20, Issue 3, June 2007, Pages 163-172</ref>


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==Comparison with [[anal wink]]==
==Comparison with [[anal wink]]==


''Reflex anal dilatation'' stands in direct opposition to [[anal wink]], another theory frequently misused by the Child Abuse Industry in unrelated legal cases.
''Reflex anal dilatation'' as a theory, appears to conflict with that of [[anal wink]], an American theory in which the ''opposite'' reaction is deemed to be evidence of abuse in legal cases.


==External Links==
==External Links==


*[http://www.sunray22b.net/marietta_higgs.htm Marietta Higgs].
*[http://www.sunray22b.net/marietta_higgs.htm Marietta Higgs]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:36, 18 August 2023

Reflex anal dilatation refers to the theory that in child victims of anal rape, the anus will reflexively open on stimulation to a diameter larger than 2 cm.[1] Some clinicians such as Marietta Higgs and her followers have gained clearance to probe the anuses of suspected child victims, going on to claim that resulting dilation is proof of sodomy. Anal dilation has been observed in children with suspected chronic anal rape[2][3] and children with chronic constipation,[4] as well as in normal children.[5] In one study, 49% of nonabused children displayed reflex anal dilation.[6]

Despite the theory's misuse, and significant opposition to such use,[7] reflex anal dilatation is sometimes considered one of many symptoms observable in anally raped children[8][9][10]

Commentary

Day of Reckoning[11]

"In 1986, toddler Lyndsey Wise scratched her arms while picking bilberries. At Middlesbrough General Hospital, she and her sister were examined by Dr. Marietta Higgs. Not only were their parents accused of sexually abusing their daughters, the foster parents with whom the girls were placed and who intended to adopt them were also accused, the foster father arrested for buggery on Higgs’ further testimony. By 1987 the activities of Higgs had filled the wards of Middlesbrough General Hospital with children taken from their parents after alleged sexual abuse, all of whom had undergone similar ordeals to that of the Wise sisters. The affair became the notorious Cleveland Child Abuse Controversy, but despite public outrage and all the parents being cleared, Marietta Higgs never conceded that she was wrong and continued to work as a paediatrician.
A general view was that the only abuse the children had suffered was from the probing fingers of Higgs and her abuse hunting team."

Comparison with anal wink

Reflex anal dilatation as a theory, appears to conflict with that of anal wink, an American theory in which the opposite reaction is deemed to be evidence of abuse in legal cases.

External Links

References

  1. ↑ NW Read, WM Sun, Reflex anal dilatation: effect of parting the buttocks on anal function in normal subjects and patients with anorectal and spinal disease, Gut (Jun, 1991)
  2. ↑ C. Hobbs and J. Wynne, Buggery in childhood – a common syndrome of child abuse, Lancet 2 (1986), pp. 792–796
  3. ↑ J. Adams, K. Harper and S. Knudson et al., Examination findings in legally confirmed cases of child sexual abuse: it's normal to be normal, Pediatrics 94 (1994), pp. 310–317
  4. ↑ G. Clayden, Reflex anal dilatation associated with severe chronic constipation in children, Arch Dis Child 63 (1988), pp. 832–836
  5. ↑ Goodyear-Smith, Felicity (1994). "Medical Considerations in the Diagnosis of Child Sexual Abuse," Issues In Child Abuse Accusations, 6.
  6. ↑ McCann, J., Voris J., Simon, M., & Wells, R. (1989). "Perianal findings in prepubertal children selected for nonabuse: A descriptive study," Child Abuse & Neglect, 13, 179-193.
  7. ↑ David Bernard, Melissa Peters, Kathi Makoroff, "The Evaluation of Suspected Pediatric Sexual Abuse", Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 161-169
  8. ↑ Joyce A. Adamns, "Medical Evaluation of Suspected Child Sexual Abuse", The Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Vol 17, 2005, pp 191–197J
  9. ↑ Marilyn Strachan Peterson, Michael Durfee, Kevin Coulter, Child abuse and neglect: Guidelines for Identification, Assessment, and Case Management, Volcano Press, 2003, ISBN: 1884244211
  10. ↑ Joyce A. Adams, Rich A. Kaplan, Suzanne P. Starling, Neha H. Mehta, Martin A. Finkel, Ann S. Botash, Nancy D. Kellogg and Robert A. Shapiro, Guidelines for Medical Care of Children Who May Have Been Sexually Abused, Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Volume 20, Issue 3, June 2007, Pages 163-172
  11. ↑ Day of Reckoning
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